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  1. #811
    Service Manager 10,000+ Posts
    Need some advice on learning networking

    BillyCarpenter's Avatar
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    Re: Need some advice on learning networking

    By the way, I really didn't go very deep on RIP. Here's something interesting. Maybe I can explain it where it'll makes sense.


    When there are multiple routers in a given network and RIP is deployed on all of them, it makes the routers "talk" to each other and share information. They let each other know about "routes" that they are directedly connected to and thus the other routers can add those routes to their routing table. That's why it's sometimes called: ROUTING BY RUMOR.

  2. #812
    Master Of The Obvious 10,000+ Posts
    Need some advice on learning networking

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    Re: Need some advice on learning networking

    Quote Originally Posted by BillyCarpenter View Post
    It would be a huge time commitment, but I think you're the type of person that would be great at networking. Just judging by your work ethic/habits, this would be right up your alley.
    Perhaps, but I would need to apply it to something frequently to retain any of it. True, I learn things quickly ... and forget them just as quickly if it's not used. I seem to retain only the barest outline of a topic, then dig back into the database for the details. =^..^=
    If you'd like a serious answer to your request:
    1) demonstrate that you've read the manual
    2) demonstrate that you made some attempt to fix it.
    3) if you're going to ask about jams include the jam code.
    4) if you're going to ask about an error code include the error code.
    5) You are the person onsite. Only you can make observations.

    blackcat: Master Of The Obvious =^..^=

  3. #813
    Service Manager 10,000+ Posts
    Need some advice on learning networking

    BillyCarpenter's Avatar
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    Re: Need some advice on learning networking

    Quote Originally Posted by blackcat4866 View Post
    Perhaps, but I would need to apply it to something frequently to retain any of it. True, I learn things quickly ... and forget them just as quickly if it's not used. I seem to retain only the barest outline of a topic, then dig back into the database for the details. =^..^=

    I hear ya. After being away from copiers for about 20-years, I had forgotten so much and plus things had changed since then. That's why I'm never gonna be an elite copier tech again. For starters, I don't have access to the training schools or information and I don't work for a big company anymore so I'm not seeing the volume of service calls that I once did. That stuff matters. Luckily, I was able to get enough information from you and others on this site to get it figured out but I'd love to have the proper training once again.

    I still think you should consider taking the same CCNA course that I'm taking. It's only $15 per month and it's pretty good.

  4. #814
    Service Manager 10,000+ Posts
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    Re: Need some advice on learning networking

    I have nothing to do tomorrow so I'm gonna go for as long as I can tonight on CCNA.

    These routers continue to reveal their secrets.


    I told you about the 4 routing protocols. Normally, in a production enviroment only ONE routing protocol is used. Using more than 1 is considered bad practice. However, sometimes it's unavoidable. For instance, 2 companies may merge and each is using a different routing protocol. I know what you're thinking....how do we make it work when using 2 routing protocols? I'm glad that you asked.


    A router uses what's called a "metric" when choosing the best route. That's true for all routing protocols. The lower the metric number the better as far as the router is concerned.

    RIP may have a metric of 60 and OSPF may have a metric of 90 for the same route. So, what route wins? If you said the metric with the lowest number, you'd be mistaken. And here's why.

    OSPF and RIP derive their metric in totally different ways so its pointless to compare them.

    Fortunately there's a another way to help sort all of this out.


    There's something called ADMINISTRATIVE DISTANCE.

    The Administrative Distance is a measure of how trusted the routing protocol is. If routes to the same destination are received via different routing protocols (RIP/OSPF) the protocol with the lowest Administrative Distance wins.


    Here's the Chart:


    Connected Interface: 0
    Static Route: 1
    External BGP 20
    EIGRP 90
    OSPF 110
    IS-IS 115
    RIP 120

    Since rip has the highest Administrative Distance, it's routes will be completely ignored and OSPF will be used.

    Whew!!!

  5. #815
    Service Manager 10,000+ Posts
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    Re: Need some advice on learning networking

    For the better part of the day I've been configuring and verifying RIP in the virtual lab. It's interesting to take the "theory" and apply to the actual routers/switches/PC's.

    The latest lab topology is the most complex and comprehensive yet. You can take a look at the topology below:


    RIP.jpg


    This was a lot to configure and verify. The train has officially left the networking station.

    I'll explain more about the configuration in a later post but right now I want to talk about "subnetting."

    I've talked about subnetting numerous time but it bears repeating: If you do not master the art of subnetting and understand it thoroughly, you don't stand a snowball's chance in hell of being able to network in a production environment. A subnetting calculator isn't gonna help you read a routing table that has been automatically summarized by the routing protocol. If you don't understand subnetting, you'll be left dazed and confused. Take my word for it.
    Last edited by BillyCarpenter; 05-31-2021 at 02:52 AM.

  6. #816
    Service Manager 10,000+ Posts
    Need some advice on learning networking

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    Re: Need some advice on learning networking

    Hopefully, you can better see the network topology that I'm working with.

    Here's what I had to configure and verify.


    See Network Topology:


    rip2.JPG

    Here's what I had to configure and verify:

    1. Set up RIP on all 4 routers and ensure that the it's enabled for all the correct networks on each router. (Note: Know your subnetting !!!)
    2. Once RIP is set up on all routers, verify that all ip routes from the other routers are populated on ALL the routers.
    3. Make sure we can ping all the networks.
    4. Set up a default route to the internet. (Gateway of last resort.) I could have configured a gateway of last resort on each of the 4 individual routers but this is considered bad practice. The correct way of doing it is to configure a gateway of last resort on the core router (this is the router that the other 3 routers connect to.) and then advertise it via RIP.
    5.Configure all of the routers to use the correct DNS Server.
    6. From the routers, make sure that we can ping the facebook.com server by IP address and by hostname.
    7. Configure each router on the 3 networks as DHCP servers and make sure all 9 PC received DHCP addresses. (Yes, Cisco Router can be set up as a DHCP Server.)
    8. Log on to each PC and make sure that we can can ping Cisco.com (hostname and IP address)
    9. Configure Loopback addresses for all the routers and switches. (A loopback is a virtual IP address that's used for testing purposes). It comes in very handy because unlike physical connections, it never goes down.

    This lab kinda caught me off guard because it covered everything I've learned thus far about Dynamic protocols but they threw in some stuff that we covered way back. I had to think about it for a minute.
    Last edited by BillyCarpenter; 05-31-2021 at 03:07 PM.

  7. #817
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    Re: Need some advice on learning networking





    Advertise default routes using RIP


    NOTE
    RIP is not explicitly listed in the latest 200-301 version of the CCNA exam topics (whereas OSPF is) but you can still be tested on it in the exam.

    Consider the following example network:





    In the network above we have three routers running RIP. Router R3 is connected to the ISP’s internet router and and has a static default route that points to it. It is possible to advertise that default route using RIP to other routers in the local network. On R3, we simply need to enter the default-information originate command in the RIP configuration mode.
    Here is the configuration on R3:
    R3(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 50.50.50.1
    R3(config)#router rip
    R3(config-router)#default-information originateR1 and R2 don’t need any additional configuration – they learn the default route just like any other RIP route:
    R1#show ip route rip
    R* 0.0.0.0/0 [120/1] via 10.0.0.1, 00:00:04, GigabitEthernet0/0
    As you can see from the output above, R1 learned about the default route via RIP. The route is marked with an asterisk (*), indicating that the rout
    e is a candidate to be the default route.

  8. #818
    Service Manager 2,500+ Posts rthonpm's Avatar
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    Re: Need some advice on learning networking

    You're just showing why for most of this I generally sub out infrastructure work. Except for DHCP, which we do with Windows Servers.

    Consider also how once these things are set up just how fast they work. I did a DHCP server a few weeks ago with eight VLAN's and a pile of reservations. When the server actually went into production, everything was all but instantaneous as soon as hosts connected to it.

    Sent from my BlackBerry using Tapatalk

  9. #819
    Service Manager 10,000+ Posts
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    Re: Need some advice on learning networking

    Quote Originally Posted by rthonpm View Post
    You're just showing why for most of this I generally sub out infrastructure work. Except for DHCP, which we do with Windows Servers.

    Consider also how once these things are set up just how fast they work. I did a DHCP server a few weeks ago with eight VLAN's and a pile of reservations. When the server actually went into production, everything was all but instantaneous as soon as hosts connected to it.

    Sent from my BlackBerry using Tapatalk

    Configuring routers and switches is a totally different technology and skillset compared to Windows Server. That becomes readily apparent once you apply it to a production environment. Unless a person has that training with routers & switches, I think most would have no choice but to sub it out. That same can be said for Windows Servers. Unless a person knows what they're doing, they would have to sub that out.


    As far as DHCP? Routers generally aren't used for DHCP Servers. I'm still in the training stage and they want to make sure that we're aware that it can be done and that we know how to do it. And it's instantaneous in this case too. The hosts receive a DHCP address in the blink of an eye.
    Last edited by BillyCarpenter; 06-01-2021 at 02:53 AM.

  10. #820
    Service Manager 10,000+ Posts
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    Re: Need some advice on learning networking

    Just when I thought I was done with RIP, I get pulled back in. This time it's about classful vs. classless routing.

    "Classless" implies that routing decisions are not tied to the class of the IP address: Class A, B, or C, but may be based on any portion of the 32-bit IP address as specified by the mask.


    I know that doesn't make a lot of sense. I'll attempt to explain it.

    Lets say that I enter the following route in the router: 10.1.0.1/24. That means that the first 3-octets are the network portion of the IP address and the 4th octet is the host portion.

    Here's the potential problem with a router that using a "classful" routing protocol.

    IP address 10.1.0.1 is a Class A Network. The first octet always identifies what class of network it is....regardless of the mask. So, a "classful" routing protocol doesn't care about the the /24 cidr and it's gonna advertise my route as a class A network (10.0.0.0/8). That's not good.

    That sounds complicated, I know. And I probably butchered the explanation. Sorry.

    PS - The solution is simple. You can turn "auto-summary off in RIP or use a protocol that doesn't use classful routing....like OSPF. I just have to learn this stuff for the stupid test.

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