4 U.S. states vote to ban slavery in all forms. Louisiana votes to keep it
Voters in Alabama, Oregon, Tennessee and Vermont have officially abolished slavery in all forms by voting to amend their state constitutions, removing a legal exception that still permitted slavery and involuntary servitude as forms of punishment for crimes.
The initiatives on the ballot Tuesday don’t force immediate changes in the states’ prisons, where inmate labour continues to be used, but they may invite legal challenges over the practice of coercing prisoners to work under threat of sanctions or loss of privileges if they refuse the work.
But in Louisiana, voters rejected the proposed Amendment 7 that would have reworded the offending part of its constitution, partly because it might have legalized slavery again.
Louisiana’s Constitution currently states: “Slavery and involuntary servitude are prohibited, except in the latter case as punishment for a crime.” The amendment would have changed that to: “Slavery and involuntary servitude are prohibited, but this does not apply to the otherwise lawful administration of criminal justice.”
The Democratic representative who first proposed the amendment, civil rights lawyer Edmond Jordan, urged voters to reject the proposal. According to the Louisiana Illuminator, the language of the amendment was watered down during the legislative process, and would have still permitted forced labour as part of a criminal sentence.
The nonprofit Council for a Better Louisiana also urged voters to vote down the proposal, and said that Amendment 7 is “an example of why it is so important to get the language right when presenting constitutional amendments to voters.”
In Tennessee, all forms of slavery were abolished with 79.54 per cent of the vote, according to ballot numbers from the secretary of state’s office.
The Tennessee Constitution now reads, “Slavery and involuntary servitude are forever prohibited. Nothing in this section shall prohibit an inmate from working when the inmate has been duly convicted of a crime.”
Alabama also removed its constitutional exception for slavery and added a section about convict labour, similar to Tennessee.
Vermont, which was the first state in the nation to ban slavery in 1777, had still allowed involuntary servitude “for the payments of debts, damages, fines, costs, or the like.”
Vermont has now replaced that clause in its constitution with “slavery and indentured servitude in any form are prohibited.” The measure passed with 89 per cent of the vote.
In Oregon, the margins were closer, with 54 per cent of ballots cast in favour of repealing the slavery exception. Over 600,000 people voted against the measure.
The Oregon Constitution will now prohibit slavery and involuntary servitude as criminal punishments and add a section that authorizes “an Oregon court or a probation or parole agency to order alternatives to incarceration for a convicted individual as part of their sentencing.”
The results were celebrated among anti-slavery advocates, including those pushing to further amend the national U.S. Constitution, whose 13th Amendment permits enslavement and involuntary servitude as a form of criminal punishment.
It reads: “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.”
More than 150 years after enslaved Africans and their descendants were released from bondage through ratification of the 13th Amendment, the slavery exception continues to permit the exploitation of low-cost labour by incarcerated people.
Scrutiny over prison labour has existed for decades, but the 13th Amendment’s loophole in particular encouraged former Confederate states after the Civil War to devise new ways to maintain the dynamics of slavery. They used restrictive measures, known as the “Black codes” because they nearly always targeted Black people, to criminalize benign interactions such as talking too loudly or not yielding on the sidewalk. Those targeted would end up in custody for minor actions, effectively enslaving them again.
Fast-forward to today, when many incarcerated workers make pennies on the dollar, which isn’t expected to change now that some of these proposals have succeeded.
Biden Faces Major Defeat as Court Stops His Massive Program
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Democrats to maintain control of the United States Senate
Democrats will have continued control of the Senate, the Fox News Decision Desk can project.
Democrats will maintain power in the Senate thanks to Democratic Sen. Catherine Cortez Masto being declared the winner in Nevada on Saturday night in her race against Republican challenger Adam Laxalt.
Democrats now hold 50 seats compared to the 49 seats held by Republicans with one seat yet to be decided in Georgia where a runoff election will be held between Republican Herschel Walker and Democratic Sen. Raphael Warnock on December 6th.
Even if Walker were to win in Georgia, Democrats would still have control with Vice President Kamala Harris's tie-breaking vote.
"Voters across the country have delivered a resounding endorsement of Democrats’ Senate majority," Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee Chair Sen. Gary Peters said in a statement. "These historic results in race after race speak for themselves, and they reflect the strength of our candidates, the popularity of Senate Democrats' message to the American people, and a rejection of the extremism espoused by the GOP. Now our work continues in Georgia to ensure Herschel Walker is defeated and Rev. Warnock is re-elected."
Prior to Tuesday's nationwide midterm elections, Democrats held a razor-thin majority in the upper chamber of Congress with 50 seats in their party's control. Because Vice President Kamala Harris has the ability to cast tie-breaking votes, Democrats only needed 50 seats to keep control.
Prior to 2021, the last time Democrats controlled the Senate was from January 2013 to January 2015 during the 113th Congress.
In this year's midterm elections, Republicans were forced to defend 21 seats, while Democrats had to defend just 14. Three of the four closest Senate races this cycle featured a Democrat incumbent.
Throughout their campaigns, Republican candidates focused their messaging around issues that they believed voters care most about, including rising crime, out of control inflation, and the southern border crisis.
Democrats, however, focused on protections for abortion after the Supreme Court's summer ruling to overturn Roe v. Wade. The party also focused on voting rights and election deniers, with President Joe Biden declaring just before the elections that "MAGA Republicans" who promoted former President Trump’s "Big Lie" about the 2020 election and engaged in voter intimidation are a "threat" to democracy.
The Senate consists of 100 lawmakers serving six-year terms; every election year about one-third of Senate seats are up for grabs.
He predicted a GOP Senate win. Hear what went wrong
... respected pollster Frank Luntz claims that American voters are exhausted by the ex President with his meanness and endless self servitude. Voters are tuning him out in mass.
Trump supporters thank him for his service but prefer he would stay at home and out of politics. See 7:24 mark forward.
He predicted a GOP Senate win. Hear what went wrong - YouTube
'Painful to Watch': Biden Announces He Is Having Trouble Reading for Entire World to See
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